Berjaya Corporation Berhad Essay Essays

Berjaya Corporation Berhad Essay Essays Berjaya Corporation Berhad Essay Essay Berjaya Corporation Berhad Essay Essay 1. 0 Introduction A concern that seeks to run candidly. considers people and the environment when doing concern determinations. and tries to do a positive part to the local community and to wider society Berjaya Corporation Berhad is an investing keeping company and is engaged in the proviso of direction services. Berjaya Corporation group of companies is founded by Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Vincent Tan Chee Yioun when he acquired a major commanding interest Berjaya Industrial Berhad in the twelvemonth of 1984. It is originally known as Berjaya Kawat Berhad and now known as Reka Pacifiic Berhad. In October 1988. Berjaya Group became the keeping company of Reka Pacific Berhad. The chief activities of the subordinates consist of Consumer Marketing. Direct Selling A ; Retail ; Financial Services ; Hotels. Resorts. Vacation Timeshare A ; Recreation Development ; Property Investment and Development ; Gaming A ; Lottery Management ; Development of Sanitary Landfill. Environvental Services and clean Technology Investment ; Food A ; Beverage ; and Investment Holding ( appendix 1 ) . Hence. due to their schemes construction. it has made them successful until today. At Berjaya Corporation group of companies. they believe that being a societal responsible company can convey a balance between profitableness and communities they operate. Due to their concern. Berjaya companies about in touch with society day-to-day demands. Therefore. Berjaya ever encourage their staff to take portion in the Group’s Corporate Social Responsibility ( CSR ) activities. Over the old ages. Berjaya Corporation had planned many charity undertakings. fund-raising events and contributions as a societal committedness towards the society. 2. 0 Current Practices2. 1 Community To control the escalation of strays in Malaysia. Berjaya Corporation Berhad organized a charity concert and conducted by Berjaya Youth to raise financess for the about RM115. 000 for the sterilisation of 1. 000 reclaimed animate beings. Besides that. Berjaya Youth had collaborated with Paws Animal Welfare Society ( PAWS ) to establish its Mobile Animal Clinic at Berjaya Times Square ( appendix 2 ) . Better Malaysia Foundation. Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Vincent Tan ‘s personal foundation. had donated the nomadic animate being clinic that deserving RM220. 000 to make consciousness on the importance of altering and fixing of animate beings to control the escalation of strays in Malaysia. The nomadic animate being clinic features a well-equipped scrutiny room that can administrate inoculation and execute sterilisation on animate beings safely. Besides that. Berjaya Corporation has partnered with PAWS Animal Welfare Society to construct a cattery edifice that can supply infinite for 300 cats. This cattery is to better the life conditions of homeless cat boulder clay they get adopted. With this cattery. Berjaya Corporation want to make consciousness for people to follow a cat alternatively of purchasing. This is a good intelligence for PAWS as PAWS is deficit of infinite and limited financess to take attention those abandoned cats and Canis familiariss ( appendix 3 ) . Disabilities are ever one of the groups that need community to give support. On 14 June 2014. Berjaya Corporation Berhad donated RM200. 000 to the Life Prostheses Centre ( â€Å"LFL† ) located in the Bandar Utama Buddhist Society’s edifice in Petaling Jaya. Selangor. The Centre is the first and lone prosthetic devices workshop in Malaysia that provide free prosthetic limbs to hapless and less fortunate Malaysia ( appendix 4 ) . However. the cost of doing a limbs is non inexpensive. each cost estimated between RM3. 000 to RM5. 000. With the part of RM200. 000. it will enable the Centre to acquire 40 to 70 prosthetic limbs depending on the type and degree of amputation. Following. Berjaya Cares Foundation contributed 10 units of dialysis machines deserving RM450. 000 to the National Kidney Foundation of Malaysia ( appendix 5 ) . Since the constitution of this foundation. Berjaya Corporation have neer failed to back up them. Berjaya Corporation Berhad has raised financess for National Kidney Foundation through one-year Kenny Roasters Chicken Run event for 2 old ages and through contribution boxes placed in 7-Eleven mercantile establishments. Last twelvemonth. they get to put up a one-stop information hub for all affairs related to kidney and kidney attention. 2. 2 Employees Employees of Berjaya Corporation had their precedence in the company. Berjaya Corporation ever give their employees good quality in their workplace to do certain their employees can concentrate in their calling development. Besides that. employees are invariably encouraged to take part in preparation and development programmes which relevant to their occupation field. so they can better their productiveness and develop skill sets. Furthermore. Berjaya Cares Foundation on a regular basis organizes talk about wellness. safety consciousness and other subjects such as personal development to their staff ( appendix 6 ) . while the Sports Toto Fitness Centre with full completed secondary school equipment and installations is set up to promote their staff to exert on a regular basis and keep a healthy life style. Besides that. Berjaya Cares Foundation had set up a Staff Welfare Fund to pull off and supplement fiscal assistance to their employees and their household member whenever they need help in unwellness. natural catastrophe and decease. This is a really good benefit to go their staff. 2. 3 Environment A group of 17 Sports Toto voluntaries went to Kuala Selangor Nature Park to works Rhizophora mangle trees. Mangrove trees are really good in C soaking up and act as natural inundation keeping â€Å"sponge† to keep heavy rainfall which can forestall inundation. Next. Mangrove trees help to keep deposits along riversides to safeguard coastline eroding and cut down pollution to coral reefs and marine life and besides supply genteelness and nursery evidences. They had planted 100 mangrove saplings ( appendix 7 ) . Other than Sports Toto. Berjaya Hotel A ; Resorts conducted a undertaking of three twenty-four hours Tioman Island Clean-Up Day with over 100 participants including staff. media and kids from Sekolah Kebangsaan Tekek. Tioman. This activity can educate people about the importance of coral reefs to the ecosystems. There are a sum of 121 reef-destroying Crown of Thorns were removed during the dive clean-up ( appendix 8 ) . They besides clean up the beach with given handheld plastic bags. The consequence of cleaning up the beach is 15 bags of cast-off plastic litters. paper wastes. drink tins and bottles that weighing over 300kg. 2. 4 Sports Toto In Malaysia. gaming is illegal as Malaysia is a Moslem state and bulk of the population is Muslim. However. Berjaya Corporation Berhad insists of get downing up the gaming concern to the state and it is known as Sports Toto. Sports Toto Malaysia was incorporated by Malaysia Government in 1969. Then it is privatized in 1985. Today. Sports Toto is owned subordinate of Berjaya Sports Toto Berhad and listed on the chief market of Bursa Malaysia. Sports Toto is a nothing amount game that accumulates the money and distributes to the victors and at the same clip. derive net income from it. When people are winning the game. there will ever a batch of also-rans. There are also-rans more than victors. 2. 5 Conflict of the Board As we know. the current president and Chief Executive Officer ( â€Å"CEO† ) of Berjaya Corporation is Dato’ Robin Tan Yeong Ching. the eldest boy of Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Vincent Tan Chee Yioun. Tan Sri Dato’ Seri Vincent Tan Chee Yioun was the old president and CEO of Berjaya Corporation and now he is the major stockholder of Berjaya Corporation. Dato’ Robin Tan Yeong Ching was subsequently appointed as the Chief Executive Officer ( â€Å"CEO† ) of the Company on 1 January 2011 and later as the Chairman/CEO of the Company on 23 February 2012. CEO and Chairman shouldn’t be the same individual because this will be struggle. 3. 0 Rank about the company3. 1 Employees Employee is the most concern for Berjaya Corporate Berhad because employees are company’s best plus. As Boudreau and Ramstad ( 2007 ) nowadays: â€Å"Whether it is called â€Å"people. † â€Å"labor. †Ã¢â‚¬Å"intellectual capital. † â€Å"human capital. † â€Å"human resources. † â€Å"talent. † or some other term. there beginning that lies within employees and how they are organized is progressively recognized every bit critical to strategic success and competitory advantage. Without employees. Berjaya Corporate could non be success like today. Berjaya Corporation Berhad is the Top 30 Best Companies to work in Malaysia and today Berjaya Corporation Berhad has a sum of 17. 000 employees strength. Berjaya Corporation has assorted industries such as nutrient and drink. automotive. hotel and resorts and more. Hence. employee takes an of import function in the company as they are anchor of the company and they are the 1 who services the clients. Therefore. company demand to handle their employee nicely as the manner you treat your employees is the manner they will handle your clients ( Branson. 2014 ) . Harmonizing to the Maslow Hierarchy Needs ( Abraham Maslow. 1943 ) . there are five classs of human demands such as basic demands. safety demands. belonging demands. regard and self-actualization demands. These five demands separated to high and low classs. However. company should seek to carry through the low demands for their employee. Although is non a company’s responsible to carry through all the employees demands. employees will go trueness to the company one time the company can carry through their demands. Employees who The hierarchy of demands theory is relevant to this survey as the theory is applicable to organisational orientation and employee motive ( Greenberg A ; Baron. 2003 ) . First of all. employees work to carry through their basic demands in their life. They will merely work for company when there are sensible salary sum for them. Therefore. Berjaya Corporation will give their employee fillip. inducement and even lucky draw during Berjaya Founder’s Day. Following. safety needs is a really of import demand towards the employees particularly for some occupation that will take hazard. Berjaya Corporation had ever conduct healthy talk or organic structure cheque to their employees. so they know how to take care their organic structure. Other than that. belonging demands is really of import to an employee. Employee who feels they belong to the company. they normally will set a great trade of attempt into their day-to-day undertakings. 3. 2 Community Community is the 2nd concern of Berjaya Corporation. they have planned many charity events and contributions towards the community. Every twelvemonth. they will hold an event called as Berjaya Founder’s Day. Berjaya Founder’s Day is an one-year matter dedicated to give back to society. This twenty-four hours. they will lift up a fund from the attempts of staff and patron signifier banker. providers and friends of Berjaya. The first Berjaya Founder’s Day was conducted on 26 February 2011 and acquire RM6. 6 million contributions for 30 donees. Next. the 2nd Berjaya Founder’s Day acquire a entire sum of RM11. 6 million for 61 charitable organisations. The 3rd Berjaya Founder’s Day on 23 February 2013 contributed RM20. 2 million to 74 charitable organisations. while the latest Berjaya Founder’s Day on 22 February 2014 has collected RM25. 6 million to 90 charitable organisations. From supra. we can see that every twelvemonth of the sum and figure of charitable organisation are increasing. This shows that presents society a batch of people need aid from a large company like Berjaya Corporation come out to back up them. These charitable organisations include those that support community. instruction. heath causes. international human-centered assistance. local executing humanistic disciplines every bit good as environmental consciousness and carnal causes. Harmonizing to instrumental theories from Garriga and Mele’s ( 2004 ) . Berjaya Corporation is concentrating on accomplishing economic aims through societal activities. Through societal activities. this can maximise shareholders’ value and is a scheme for competitory advantage. Timess have changed. There are more than 8. 000 companies around the universe usage corporation societal duty in their concern. Because corporate societal responsible is a manner for companies to profit them while besides profiting the society. It is a win-win state of affairs. Harmonizing to a informations released by Net Impact. the not-for-profit that aims to assist concerns advance sustainability. 65 % of MBAs surveyed say they want to do a societal or environmental difference through their occupations ( [ electronic mail protected ]/*. 2014 ) . When a large company can give back to the community. it will be the most inspiring parts of corporate life. It shows that the company takes attention of the society and it is an ethical company. This helps company to acquire good repute from the society. 3. 3 Environment Environment is the 3rd concern of Berjaya Corporation. Berjaya Corporation is a diversified company that will ab initio act upon the environment from their undertakings. When they are get downing up a mill in a rural country. Berjaya Corporation will hold to travel through the procedure of deforestation. Cuting off the trees will decidedly given a negative impact to the environment such as landslide due to the destroyed on the bing mechanical root construction in the country. However. as an ethical concern. Berjaya Corporation will take up the duty to better the environment by forming an awareness event. For case. mangrove trees seting for environmental preservation were held on 19 April 2011 with the group of Toto Sports voluntary in Kuala Selangor. Total of 100 Rhizophora mangle trees are planted. The resource of our planet is limited and unsustainability is stated in the theory of Environmental Ethical motives ( Paul W. Taylor. 1986 ) . Furthermore. Berjaya Corporation has besides incorporated â€Å"Go Green† plan in their concern to avoid wastage and spread the consciousness towards their client. For illustration. utilize green merchandises for take away nutrient and drink such as Starbucks Reusable Tumbler and Kenny Rogers Roasters I-Care Box. This shows how Berjaya Corporation cares about the environment. In add-on. Berjaya Corporation chooses to collaborate with local providers to utilize less paper work and besides give concern to them. In add-on. Berjaya Corporation ships their merchandises by sea instead than airfeirght. 3. 4 Sports Toto Sports Toto is a subordinates company of Berjaya Corporation. Sports Toto is really popular among Malayan and it is the largest figure of prognosis operator in Malaysia as it has more than 670 mercantile establishments in Malaysia. Over the old ages. Sports Toto has been made many corporate societal responsible such as charity. community athleticss. instruction and cultural publicity. It is a responsible corporate citizen but besides a unhealthy games for Malaysia particularly Malaysia is a Moslem state. It is unjust when merely the Chinese and Indian can purchase Toto tickets while the Malay is non allow to buy. Malaysian called it â€Å"buy a hope† when they place their stakes. Therefore. everyday there are a batch of Malayan spend money on purchasing toto tickets. Some of them even use their money like H2O to buy to seek to win the expansive award. But Sports Toto is the lone 1 that â€Å"winning big† . However. people with small money are ever attracted to purchase because it gives them the feeling of winning and the sum of the awards is excessively great for them. In drumhead. bet oning industry is harmful for persons and society. However. it is the greatest felicity for the greatest figure. stated by the utilitarianism theory of Jeremy Bentham ( 1987 ) . Jeremy Bentham said that it does non count on the action but the consequence. If the consequence happens to be good and non harmful to others. it is consider as ethical. Therefore. the Sports TOTO game do helps on certain people on their fiscal issue. Sports TOTO creates hope for people to go on last without fiscal troubles. 3. 5 Conflict of the Board In Berjaya Corporation. the CEO and Chairman place is taken by the same individual who is Dato’ Robin Tan. It is unethical to make so because it shows no equity towards the employee. This is egoism ethical because they merely manus over the place towards to their household alternatively foreigners. Chairman and CEO have different functions in the company. if this two functions combined together will make an built-in struggle of involvement. The Chairman of the Board of a company is the main representative of the stockholders. The Chief executive officer of the company is the leader of the directors. The occupation of the president is to look after the stockholders. His chief occupation is to fire the incompetent directors that are non qualified or command 1s that overreach. Chairman should besides look for workers that are possible plenty to assist company earn net income. While the CEO’s occupation is to pull off. study to the board that set the policies and precedences based on the shareholders’ wished and demands such as higher income. high wages policy or fillip. Besides that. he should look out for the involvements. wage or excess allowance of directors. If president was the same individual. he will fundamentally describing to himself. This shows that Chairman and CEO had two different and conflicting functions. Where this might convey struggle of involvement arises. 4. 0 Recommendation Berjaya Corporation Berhad should promote more green activities alternatively of replanting the trees or cleaning the beach. They should carry on green activities in all of his company and Subordinates Company together as this will be effectual towards the society. They can besides garner different thoughts and salvage up unneeded costs. It can besides convey a good image to their employees or other company will follow their stairss. Besides that. Sports Toto should halt convince consumers that purchasing toto tickets is a good wont through advertizement. this may take people to pass a batch of money on toto tickets and stop up going hapless. Next. Berjaya Corporation should let every employees to go to the wellness talk. non merely the little sum because this may do employee experience unjust and do non experience they belong to the company. Last. Berjaya Corporation should acquire two people to in charge place of CEO and besides president as this two places will hold struggle if taken by the same individual. 5. 0 Decision Berjaya Corporation Berhad is really good in their CSR which makes them different from other company. CSR can besides convey benefits in footings of hazard direction to company such as cost nest eggs. entree to capital. client relationships. human resource direction. and invention capacity. CSR can besides do company outstanding comparison to company that did non make CSR. Harmonizing to the European Commission. company with more responsible concern can further more growing. Hence. CSR is really of import for a company particularly public listed company like Berjaya Corporation. However. Berjaya Corporation non to merely concentrate on CSR but besides take attention of their primary stakeholders such as stockholder and client by carry through their demands and wants. 6. 0 MentionBentham. J. ( 1987 ) . An debut to the rules of ethical motives and statute law. In J. S. Mill and J. Bentham. Utilitarianism and Other Essays. Harmandsworth: Penguin. Berjaya. com. ( 2014 ) . Berjaya Corporation Berhad. [ on-line ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. berjaya. com/corporate-profile. hypertext markup language [ Accessed 29 Nov. 2014 ] . BOUDREAU. J. W. – RAMSTAD. P. M. : Beyond HR. Boston. Harvard Business School Press. 2007. ISBN 978-1-4221-0415-6 Branson. R. ( 2014 ) . The manner you treat your employees†¦ – Virgin. com. [ on-line ] Virgin. com. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. virgin. com/richard-branson/the-way-you-treat-your-employees [ Accessed 28 Nov. 2014 ] . Fisher. J. ( 2004 ) Social Responsibility and Ethical motives: Clarifying the Concepts. Journal of Business Ethics 52: 391-400. Greenberg. J. . and Baron. R. A. ( 2003 ) . Behavior in Organizations:Understanding and Pull offing the Human Side of Work. Englewood Cliffs. New jersey: Apprentice [ electronic mail protected ]/*. ( 2014 ) . From Fringe to Mainstream: Companies Integrate CSR Initiatives into Everyday Business – [ electronic mail protected ]/*[ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //knowledge. Wharton. upenn. edu/article/from-fringe-to-mainstream-companies-integrate-csr-initiatives-into-everyday-business/ [ Accessed 27 Nov. 2014 ] . Maslow. A. H. ( 1954 ) . Motivation and Personality: New york: Harpist Taylor. Paul W. ( 2010 ) . â€Å"Egalitarian Biocentrism† . In Keller. David R. Environmental Ethical motives: The Big Questions. John Wiley A ; Sons. 7. 0 AppendixAppendix 1: Berjaya Corporate Structure Appendix 2: Animal Mobile Clinic Appendix 3: New place for stateless cat Appendix 4: Free prosthetic limbs to hapless Appendix 5: Donate 10 units of dialysis machines to the National Kidney Foundation of Malaysia Appendix 6: Health talk to employees Appendix 7: Sports Toto voluntaries works Rhizophora mangle trees Appendix 8: Tioman Island Clean-Up Day

Homo Erectus Colonization in Europe

Homo Erectus Colonization in Europe Geoarchaeologists working on the coast of the North Sea of Britain at Pakefield in Suffolk, England have discovered artifacts suggesting that our human ancestor Homo erectus arrived in northern Europe much earlier than previously thought. Homo Erectus in England According to an article published in Nature on December 15, 2005, an international team led by Simon Parfitt of the Ancient Human Occupation of Britain  (AHOB) project has discovered 32 pieces of black flint debitage, including a core and retouched flake, in alluvial sediments dated to about 700,000 years ago. These artifacts represent the debris created by flintknapping, the manufacture of a stone tool, possibly for butchering purposes. The flint chips were recovered from four separate places within the channel fill deposits of a stream bed which in-filled during the inter-glacial period of the Early Pleistocene. This means that the artifacts were what archaeologists call out of primary context. In other words, fill in stream channels comes from soils moved downstream from other places. The occupation site- the site where the flintknapping took place- may be just a little upstream, or quite a ways upstream, or may, in fact, have been completely destroyed by movements of the stream bed. Nevertheless, the location of the artifacts in this old channel bed does mean that the artifacts must be at least as old as the channel fill; or, according to researchers, at least 700,000 years ago. The Oldest Homo Erectus The oldest known Homo erectus site outside of Africa is Dmanisi, in the Republic of Georgia, dated to approximately 1.6 million years ago. Gran Dolina in the Atapuerca valley of Spain includes evidence of Homo erectus at 780,000 years ago. But the earliest known Homo erectus site in England prior to the discoveries at Pakefield is Boxgrove, only 500,000 years old. The Artifacts The artifact assemblage, or rather assemblages since they were in four separate areas, include a core fragment with several hard-hammer percussion flakes removed from it and a retouched flake. A core fragment is the term used by archaeologists to mean the original hunk of stone from which flakes were removed. Hard hammer means the flintknappers used a rock to bang on the core to get flattish, sharp-edged chips called flakes. Flakes produced in this manner may be used as tools, and a retouched flake is a flake that shows evidence of this use. The rest of the artifacts are unretouched flakes. The tool assemblage is probably not Acheulean, which includes handaxes, but is characterized in the article as Mode 1. Mode 1 is a very old, simple technology of flakes, pebble tools, and choppers made with hard hammer percussion. Implications Since at the time England was connected to Eurasia by a land bridge, the Pakefield artifacts dont imply that Homo erectus needed boats to get to the North Sea coastline. Neither does it imply that Homo erectus originated in Europe; the oldest Homo erectus are found at Koobi Fora, in Kenya, where a long history of earlier hominin ancestors is also known. Interestingly, the artifacts from the Pakefield site also do not imply that Homo erectus adapted to a cooler, chillier climate; during the time period in which the artifacts were deposited, the climate in Suffolk was balmier, closer to the Mediterranean climate traditionally considered the climate of choice for Homo erectus. Homo erectus or heidelbergensis? The Nature article merely says early man, referring to either Homo erectus or Homo heidelbergensis. Basically, H. heidelbergensis is still very enigmatic, but may be a transitional stage between H. erectus and modern humans or a separate species. There are no hominid remains recovered from Pakefield as of yet, so the people who lived at Pakefield may have been either one. Resources and Further Reading Parfitt, Simon L. The earliest record of human activity in northern Europe. Nature 438, Renà © W. Barendregt, Marzia Breda, et al., Nature, December 14, 2005. Roebroeks, Wil. Life on the Costa del Cromer. Nature 438, Nature, December 14, 2005. An unsigned article in British Archaeology titled Hunting for the first humans in Britain and dated 2003 describes the work of AHOB. The December 2005 issue of British Archaeology has an article on the findings. Thanks to members of BritArch for their additions.

Learning Style Inventory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Learning Style Inventory - Essay Example Personal style inventories can be referred as a very essential tool in the development of an educational program. To gain an improved understanding as a learner, one needs to evaluate the preferred way to learn or process information of an educational program. By doing so, the evaluator will be able to build up strategies which will enhance his/her learning potential. There are a lot of personal styles or evaluation techniques that are used to assess the effectiveness of learning. There is a number of short and quick way of assessing an individual’s learning style. Based on the multiple intelligences inventory, the individual primary strength has been identified to be verbal and intrapersonal strengths as scores of 70 each have been obtained in each of these two sections. Potential verbal strength is a prerequisite in the nursing (health care) sector where patients need to be treated with great care. Good verbal speech facilitates to motivate patients through which they can gain significant morale boots which in turn can aid them to recover quickly. On the other hand, nursing staff worki ng in a medical based industry would certainly be at a better place with strong intrapersonal skills which include interaction with the others, a sense of feelings, values and attitudes in order to maintain cordial and positive relationship with the patients. The survey has illuminated a relatively commendable score in logical intelligence (reasoning & problem solving) which can also be treated as a significant strength. In the emergency circumstances at medical institutions, nurses will be required to think logically which can save lives of their patients by a considerable extent (McKenzie, n.d.) In accordance with the performed multiple intelligences inventory survey, it can be said that every candidate of the nursing education program generally possess a number of

The Workplace Relations Amendment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Workplace Relations Amendment - Essay Example (Parliament of Australia, 2006) The bill has caused strong reactions from numerous stakeholders. A substantial number of employer association affirmed their support for the Bill. However, there are also some trade unions and labor associations that strongly campaigned against the Act. Some of these groups oppose the way the Bill was passed in parliament; they feel that most of them were not adequately informed about it. These arguments were brought forward by opposition members of parliament who argued that members of the Liberal National Coalition did not give the Bill enough time. However, there are intentions to change many parts of the Work Choices legislation as asserted by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd. He represents the Labor party which may have won the election due to this issue. Numerous opposition parliamentarians were opposed to the legislation. This affected the way the matter was handled in parliament. These opposition members; who represented the Labor party, claimed that there were inadequate copies of the Bill. Consequently, they took part in numerous campaigns against the Bill on the day it was introduced. Matters became more heated when parliamentarians were required to question the Bill; Labor party members were seen interrupting remarks made by proponents of the Bill and a substantial number had to be removed from the House. ... This was quite a hurried arrangement. As if that was not enough, the Bill was passed exactly a month after it had been introduced. Minister at that time argued that the hurried response was to avoid introduction of the legislation during an election year. However, this undermined the need for consensus. In order for pieces of legislation to gain acceptance by the public, they need to be thoroughly scrutinized. When this is not done effectively, some problems may arise in the future especially during implementation. The role of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission (AIRC) The AIRC has been in charge of unfair dismissals and terminations too. However, the enactment of the Work Choices legislation has reduced their efforts in this regard. For example, employees who wish to make a claim to the Commission about unfair dismissals are expected to do so within a period of twenty one days fork the time their employment was terminated. This means that employees are placed at a disadvantage because twenty one days are not enough. In light of this, the legislation places more power in the hands of the employer rather than the employee since most of them may not be bale to meet this new deadline. The Australian Industrial Relations Commission is expected to approve extensions of claim periods. However, it has been shown that most of the time, these extensions are rarely granted. Part of the reason for this could be that there is a fee for application and most employees may not be able to afford this. Another reason for this observation could be the long procedures that employees have to pass through before they are granted extensions. The Work Relations Amendment has created long procedures;

Importance of nursing theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Importance of nursing theory - Assignment Example Section four summarizes the paper. Nursing theory forms the foundation of the practice of nursing. The various theories equip nurses with the vital knowledge they need to attend to patients. Like with many professions, many theories of nursing have been criticized as being out of tune with the practice(Henderson, Schoonbeek, & Paterson, 2011). These critics posit that many theories bear little or no relevance to the practical needs of the profession. The often cited examples are those of the theories of Freud Sigmund who sought to explain everything in terms of sex. Although the claim may be correct, the importance of nursing theory cannot be dismissed altogether. Students of nursing acquire practical skills when they practice the knowledge acquired from the theories. Nursing theories distinguish the profession from others. This distinction is possible because the theories are unique to the profession having been developed by nurses themselves. Besides, nursing has a fairly long history that has enabled it to establish itself. On patient care, nursing theories have helped enhance the care received by patients in the hands of nurses. For instance, during the time of Florence Nightingale, most nurses were uneducated and incompetent. Then Nightingale proposed formal nurse education and training(Zinner, 2014). Today America boasts of the world’s top nursing schools. Improved nurse training has resulted in improved care. In their Environmental Theory, Florence Nightingale described nursing as the process of using the environment of the patient to bring about their recovery. The theory posits that the patient’s environment affects their biological and physiological processes, hence the recovery process(Hallett, 2011). It is the work of the nurse to manipulate the environment so as to make it conducive to the healing process. Nightingale identified five environmental factors that the nurse should seek to manipulate.

Effect of Paradigms on Research Methods

Effect of Paradigms on Research Methods Each paradigm brings a unique view to research and to how reality and all of which it consists should be viewed. No paradigm is more effective than another as each looks at reality differently. Interpretivism is a paradigm which was created as an alternative to Positivism and took an alternative approach to research by encouraging the use of qualitative, in-depth data to create knowledge. The article, The Insider’s Experience of Long-Term Peer Victimisation, by Mackay, Carey and Stevens (2011), is informed by the Interpretive paradigm as it aims to understand the concept of bullying from a subjective perspective through the use of personal experience. The use of the Interpretivist paradigm influences every aspect of this research from how the topic is viewed, the purpose, how the research problem is presented, the collection of materials, how the data is analysed and displayed as well as the ethical considerations of the research. Interpretivism, similarly to other paradigms, has a unique and distinct view of the world and of how the world should be understood. Interpretivism does not accept reality as it appears at face- value. Instead this paradigm claims that reality consists of people’s subjective experiences of the external world (Terre Blanche Durrheim, Histories of the present: Social science research in context, 2006). This means that a world which is shared by everyone is experienced differently by everyone as each individual applies their own unique perspective and meaning to their experiences and actions. In order to understand this type of reality, the patterns and problems which occur in reality and even solutions to these problems; Interpretivism proposes that research explores people’s subjective experiences and actions and the meanings or reasons they attach to these actions and experiences. In order to conduct research through the Interpretivist paradigm, the researcher must also take a unique stance to reality and to the subjects in the research. The researcher is required to be open and empathetic. Empathy involves attempting to view the beliefs and experiences of other as they themselves would view or experience them. Therefore, the use of empathy will allow for the researcher to fully understand the individual’s subjective experience and the meaning they attached to the experience. Empathy and understanding of the subjective experience can be achieved through the Qualitative methodologies which Interpretivism uses. These methodologies create a subjective relationship between the researcher and the participant which allows the researcher to interpret the data at a deeper, involved level and to form ideas from the interpretations in a mutually – constructed manner (Mottier, 2005). Ultimately, it is important to emphasise that the way the Interpretivist p aradigm sees reality, the way the researcher engages in the research and the various research methods used by this paradigm all work simultaneously and influence the research in order to answer the research question in a particular, desired way. The topic of the study is usually the first part of the research which is decided upon. How the researchers wish to study and understand the topic, however, is influenced by the research paradigm, â€Å"Paradigms are all-encompassing systems of interrelated practise and thinking that define for the researcher the nature of their enquiry† (Terre Blanche Durrheim, Histories of the present: Social science research in context, 2006, p. 6). The topic of the article by Mackay, Carey and Stevens (2011) revolves around bullying and the experience of bullying. The researchers have chosen to look at the experiences of bullying which requires them to look into the data deeply as the experience of bullying is not simple but an extremely personal experience which has many complex layers and effects to understand. Through this topic, the influence of the chosen paradigm, Interpretivism, begins to immerge. Kelliher (2005) states that Interpretivism is based on the assumption that if people are studied according to their social context, there is a greater chance of understanding the meanings associated with and perceptions they have of their experiences and actions. Therefore, the interpretivist paradigm is perfectly suited to study and understand the concept of bullying as a social action and a social problem experienced by individuals. This is because this paradigm focuses on the meanings underpinning human actions and associated with human experience (Kelliher, 2005). Ultimately, it is clear that how the topic is being viewed and researched is influenced by the Interpretivist paradigm as the researchers have chosen to study bullying in an in-depth manner and to view it from a subjective or personal perspective in order to understand bullying in its entirety. The paradigm informing the research also has an effect on the purpose of the research as the paradigm indicates what type of questions are asked about the topic and the purpose of the research is to ensure that these questions are answered. This idea is supported by Durheim (2006) who states that although the paradigm does not directly define the purpose of the research, it provides a guiding framework for the purpose of the research. The article states that the overall purpose of this research is to improve the understanding of bullying through the personal experiences of bullying victims who have experienced long- term victimization (Mackay, Carey, Stevens, 2011). The research is however divided into three sub-questions or purposes in order to gain a full representation of bullying. The first purpose of the research is to understand the victims’ perspectives of what factors contributed to bullying while the second purpose aims to understand the why the victims allow themselves to be continuously subjected to the bullying. The third purpose of the research is to provide information on and discuss various treatments and interventions of bullying. All of these research aims rely heavily on the personal opinions and experiences of the victims. Thus it is evident that Interpretivism plays an indirect role in the formation and fulfilment of these research purposes. This is because these purposes have a qualitative, interpretivist nature as they require the researcher to delve into the experiences of the individuals. Therefore only Interpretative, qualitative methods focusing on individual’s personal experiences can thoroughly and correctly fulfil these purposes. The collection of material in research typically involves the type of sample and participants used, the sampling methods and the methodology used to collect data from this sample group. The methodology used within Interpretivist contains various Qualitative methods which are clearly employed in the research conducted by Mackay, Carey and Stevens (2011). These interpretivist methodologies had a great impact on the type and number of participants used, how the participants were selected and how the data was retrieved. The participants used in this research had to be victims of bullying and had to have experienced bullying for the majority of the school year. These specifications of the participants are undoubtedly influenced by the Interpretivist nature of the research which aims to understand the subjective experiences of individuals and therefore, the research specifically requires the participants to have subjective experiences of bullying which can be analysed and interpreted. The sample population size used in this research was also influenced by the Interpretivist nature of the research. Only three participants, one female aged eleven and two males aged twelve and fifteen were selected to take part in the research (Mackay, Carey, Stevens, 2011). This is due to the fact that Interpretivism only needs a small amount of participants in order to achieve a meaningful, ethnographic inquiry. This small sample is also influenced by the type of interpretive data analysis which is used, namely Interp retive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). IPA requires an even smaller sample sizes than typical interpretivist research as it analyses the cases of the participants in intense detail rather than using many participants to form generalizations, â€Å"The detailed case-by-case analysis of individual transcripts takes a long time, and the aim of the study is to say something in detail about the perceptions and understandings of this particular group† (Smith Osborn, 2007 , p. 55). Thus, it is clear through the extremely small sample population, that Interpretivism and IPA have had an impact on the number of participants decided to be used. The interpretivist nature of the research requires the research to rely heavily on the participants and their experiences and therefore these participants should be selected extremely carefully (Scotland, 2012). The size of the sample population and the specifications of this population greatly affect the type of sampling used in the research. In the case of this research, only a small sample population, who had personal experiences of being bullied, was needed. Therefore, purposive sampling was used to meticulously select these types of participants. Purposive sampling is the typical sampling method used for interpretive research as it allows for a particular group of participants, for which the research question will significant, to be chosen (Smith Osborn, 2007 ). Ultimately, the use of purposive sampling was influenced by the Interpretivist nature of the research as it allowed for the perfect sample population to be selected. The method of data collection is also an aspect of research which is undoubtedly influenced by the paradigm informing the research. Interpretivist research primarily focuses on using the power of ordinary language and expression in order to understand the social world (Terre Blanche, Kelly, Durrheim, 2006). This is achieved through Interpretivist data collection methodologies which are flexiable and yeild indepth, qualitative data; for example interviews, focus groups, observations and role-playing (Scotland, 2012). The semi- structured interview, which is used in Mackay, Carey and Steven’s (2011) research, is a common type of data collection method informed by the Interpretivist paradigm. This is because a semi- structured interview allows insight on behaviours to surface and also aids in explaining actions and experiences from the individual’s perspectives which is the primary goal of this research. Scotland (2012) further states that semi- structured interviews are unique as they allow the participant to freely express themselves and for the participant to delve deeper into their story. In Mackay, Carey and Steven’s (2011) article semi- structured interviews are used precisely for this purpose as the research requires the method of data collection to be able to get the particpant to reveal intimite details of their victimization and also to allow for important areas of the topic to be probed. The quote, â€Å"if it gets bad, the teacher will actually say the names of the bullies, and they get really embarrassed †¦ So that usually keeps them down for a few days. Which is a relief for me†, in the article taken from a participants interview cis just one example that shows how the particpant was able to explain and express their feelings around their experience through the interview. The paradigm informing the research instructs the research to use certain participants, collect certain data in a certain way and therefore it also instructs the research on how this data must be analysed. In Mackay, Carey and Steven’s (2011) research, the Interpretivist paradigm has influenced the use of the Interpretive technique, Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), in order to analyse the data in manner which will yield the results needed. Generally, IPA is used to examine how individuals interpret their world and their experiences and attempts to understand the meaning of these interpretations and experiences. When researching a specfic topics such as bullying, IPA focuses on attempting to understand what the individual believes and feels about the topic and how they have personally experienced the topic and ultimately transforms this information into themes (Chapman Smith, 2002). The use of IPA is clearly seen through the results of the research which used how the individuals described their experiences to generate themes of why the victims felt they were bullied. An example of this is seen through the theme, ‘being different’ which emerged from the interpretive analysis of the victims’ statements such as, â€Å"they tease me about being [name]’s friend, because she’s different† and â€Å"They tease me about being different, because I care for my brother†(Mackay, Carey, Stevens, 2011). IPA is also distinct from other Interpretivist research as it understands that the researcher plays an active role in data analysis as they interpret the participants’ interpretation of their experiences in order to reveal patterns and themes in the data (Smith Osborn, 2007 ). The use of this interpretive technique is evident in the research by Mackay, Carey and Steven (2011) as the researchers regularly discussed the emerging themes throughout the data analysis process in order to assure that they each found were related to the experience of the individual. Thus, the influence if the interpretive paradigm is seen in the data analysis of the research as it allowed for the use of IPA to generate themes. IPA was specifically needed in order to completely understand and interpret the individuals’ experiences but also allowed for themes to be formed based on these three experiences. In Mackay, Carey and Steven’s (2011) research, the way in which the themes and findings were presented was based on the interpretive nature of the research. Through the use of IPA, the superordinate themes, ‘experience of victimization’ and ‘Strategies’ and their subthemes were generated and were presented in a very simple thematic table (Mackay, Carey, Stevens, 2011). Typical to interpretive research, the thematic table containing the superordinate and subordinate themes is then explained and the themes are described in depth and are supported with statements made by the participant (Chapman Smith, 2002). An example of this is seen when discussing the bullying policy at school which was discovered through the research to be inefficient and was support by statements such as, â€Å"Yeah they had a bullying policy, but nobody abided by it.† (Mackay, Carey, Stevens, 2011). Terre Blanche, Kelly, and Durrheim, (2006) further state that Interpreti ve techniques in communicating research findings make use of â€Å"evocative language† which is strong language used to bring about images or feelings (p. 274). In the results of this research the use of descriptions stating that the vicitms had, â€Å"only one or two friends† and that there was an â€Å"unwillingness of teachers to suspend bullies† creates an image of the problem and consequences of the bullying being experienced by the participants. Ultimately, the influence of the Interpretivist paradigm is evident through the thematic table and various linguistic techniques used to discuss the results of the research.

Is the story Daughters of the late Colonel more comic than tragic Essay

Is the story Daughters of the late Colonel more comic than tragic for the reader overall? Be sure to comment on Mansfield’s use of language. The story â€Å"Daughters of the late Colonel†, written by Katherine Mansfield takes place during Victorian times, based around two sister’s whose father had recently died. Mansfield describes the struggles of these two women as they try to express their femininity and overcome the barriers of etiquette and the presence of their father, whom they feared. The story ends as the sisters Josephine and Constantia attempt to break free of their suppressed world but fail to, thus ending the story in tragedy. Despite this the path leading to the tragic ending is riddled in humorous moments. Therefore it might be said about the story that it is more comic than tragic for the reader. Mansfield often uses humor as a technique to reveal the darker, suppressed side of the two sisters and she often does it subtly. A casual reader might never discover this area of the story. It is as if Mansfield employs comic moments as a mask to cover the tragedy of the play. On one occasion Constantia is worrying about an imaginary mouse: â€Å"A spasm of pity squeezed her heart. Poor little thing! She wished she’d left a tiny piece of biscuit on the dressing table. It was awful to think of it not finding anything. What would it do?† The way Constantia exerts herself is simply pathetic. The reader is amused at her antics to attempt to bring the mouse some food. This obsession with detail is further emphasized with the rhetorical question at the end of the quote, as well as the phrase: â€Å"poor little thing!†- it’s short length and exclamation mark emphasizes its importance, and the use of â€Å"poor... ...ephine was silent for a moment. She stared at a big cloud where the sun had been. Then she replied shortly, â€Å"I’ve forgotten too.†Ã¢â‚¬  During the final section, the sun represents their chance for freedom. â€Å"Golden rays† symbolized the richness and exiting new life which they could have taken. Yet, the whole new path the sisters might have taken was blocked out, symbolizing the cloud. It is thus that the story ends in tragedy- the sisters fail to break free, and remain stuck inside their self-imposed world. Their late father’s influence is too great for them to overcome. In conclusion, it may be said that the story is both a comedy and a tragedy. However, because Mansfield cleverly disguises the tragedy to blend into hilarious moments the reader gets an overall sense of comic fun. Therefore, Daughters of the Late Colonel is more of a comedy than a tragedy.

My Best Kept Secret

For a year, we had something special. It wasn't big. It wasn't flashy. But it meant a lot to me. Welcome to JTOP: an arcane collectivity within the walls of Lower Merion High School. JTOP stands for Justin Timberlake Operation Project, an opaque title chosen to baffle anyone who might overhear us mention the organization. I was inducted as the fifth member in November of 2008, joining Maggie, Jake, Patricia and Sarah. At the time, I knew no one in this coterie but Jake, who provided me with little information.He insisted that I would find meaning in the group—that together we would be able to channel our restless frustration and curiosity into something worthwhile—but that I must first be sworn to secrecy. I was dubious, nervous, and excited. Okay. Okay. This is peculiar right? I'm not from Hogwarts, I'm not some top-secret CIA operative—I'm just a girl from a suburb of Philadelphia†¦ right? And what did â€Å"JTOP† even do? That question cannot be an swered so easily. JTOP was a chance for bright kids who love learning†¦to explore. Every meeting, every task, every debate felt like a new adventure.One day Maggie came home from school and informed us of hearing about trepanation, the practice of cutting holes into one's skull. This was creepy†¦ yet fascinating. Why would anyone willfully drill a hole into his or her head? What would that be like? So on a Wednesday night, after we finished our homework, we furtively gathered and watched a documentary that Maggie purchased entitled â€Å"Hole in Your Head,† all about the history of trepanation. Once we decided to make â€Å"circle poetry† for other students whom we admired throughout the school.Some of the students we didn't know personally—just respected from afar. Taking a black Sharpie and ripping out pages from The Philadelphia Inquirer, we began to circle words and letters creating personalized messages. I wrote a poem for Hannah, a girl I knew on ly through her insightful comments in English class. Hannah had lately been bemoaning that she was turning jaded by the stressful experience of junior year. I wrote that she shouldn't let the school system break her and that her infectious enthusiasm is too important to be replaced by cynicism.When we finished, JTOP looked up the recipients' addresses in the phone book, drove to the various homes and anonymously deposited the poems into each of their mailboxes. Once we all attended a school board meeting at which our district was considering proposed changes to the high school grading policy. I stood up and made a speech before the administrators, teachers and community on the defects of the proposal. Another time we found ourselves sitting in a coffee shop trying to figure out if we were stuck on an island which mix of 20 people from our school would we need along with us in order to survive.Another time we clandestinely met at an out-of-the-way Chinese restaurant (JTOP avoids loca tions where we could be likely spotted) and, over egg rolls, debated the merits of biological determinism. Patricia, a fierce advocate of Richard Dawkins, battled Maggie and me, advocates of environmental factors also playing a fundamental role in pushing genetic â€Å"limits. † We decided we needed an adult figure within our organization so we divulged the details of our club to Mohsen Ghodsi, our old 9th grade gifted support teacher, and asked that he serve as our mentor.He was enthusiastic in his support. He not only allowed us to hold JTOP meetings in his classroom during free periods but also supplied us with book titles and journal articles that he felt might interest us. We went creek-walking. We cooked homemade dumplings. We gave opera music a try. We debated the injustice of calling â€Å"shotgun† in the passenger seat of a car. Once, we decided to write â€Å"JTOP† on all the dollar bills we owned in the hope that some day, years from now, they might c ome back to us in currency recirculation. In June I decided to read Tom Wolfe's I Am Charlotte Simmons.The novel describes an idealistic young girl starting her freshman year at a prestigious university, who is recruited for an intellectual discussion club with an opaque misleading name—The Millennial Mutants. The resemblance between Charlotte Simmons' club and JTOP was uncanny. I realized though, it wasn't mere coincidence that Tom Wolfe described a society similar to JTOP. And, importantly, the parallels did not make me feel generic. To the contrary, they made me feel like I was a part of something much bigger. Something universal.It was exciting to think about people living â€Å"the life of the mind† elsewhere, in different schools and states and perhaps in secret clubs of their own. The notion that there are many people out there who band together in the free pursuit of ideas and experiences was comforting and validating. Maybe it all sounds trivial. Perhaps intel ligent students shouldn't be â€Å"wasting their time† writing acronyms on dollars and instead direct more focus to investing time into an internship or â€Å"getting ahead. † But I disagree. When I look back on my junior year I feel lucky to have received such a precious experience.Where is JTOP now you might ask? Well, we're all still friends, but the club definitely lost its fire over the summer, and I can't really predict what the future holds for it. But, that's okay. Just having been able to experience unfettered adolescent discovery, with people who have the same interests as I, is something that I believe really matters. And knowing that I'm not alone, and that others out there are also exploring—well that matters too. And knowing that I'll meet many more people in college who share the same passions, well that's the most exciting prospect of all

The Effect of IT on the Business World essays

The Effect of IT on the Business World essays This paper is about the way information technology effects the business world today. We will also talk about how information came about and how it has evolved over the years. There are also many more innovations we will discuss, such as: programming, networking, cell phones, DSL, internet, etc. We will also analyse the way information technology has affected the way businesses function and how the have adapted over the years. Civilization has never expenenced as much change as it has over the last twenty years. This change was brought about by the Information Age. Every part of our lives are affected by information technology. Information Technology is the best thing that has happened to the business world. Our businesses, as well as out own personal lives have all been extraordinarily transformed due to technological advances over the past twenty years. Since the introduction of the computer back in the 1940s, this has changes the way we do business. Before computers you would have to do everything by hand. The pre-information age business office included information producing tools, such as typewrites, and adding machines. Most of the equipment was simple, manual in operation, big, bulky, and noisy. Clerical staff primarily used this equipment as the were the appointed information processors of the time. (Article on the effects of technology on business; vaxxine.com/hyoomk/philo/humbl.html) Then along came the office networking, which allowed everyone in the company to be up to date using an integrated networking databases, programs, and information. ...

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Algea essays Algae are simple water plants. They contain chlorophyll and photosynthesize (retain water, light and carbon dioxide to produce food and oxygen). They are eukaryotic having a full fledged nucleus, and contrary to prokaryotic cells, they have cell walls usually composed of cellulose. Algae come in different colours, shapes and sizes (10-25 Um to 200m); some are unicellular, or found in simple to complex colony style endeavors and even in multicellular structures. Some are mobile; propelled by their flagella, and some have specialized cells called holdfast to get a grip on things. Reproduction can be both asexual and sexual for these simple, yet abundant plants. Algae are amongst the most important food producing groups in the world, and are by far responsible for over 90% of the oxygen in this world. They are found in just about any type of environment though they are dependant on light (photosynthetic) and water for most of their basic needs. The most important factor of survival for algae is their immediate habitat. Since algae are photosynthetic they cannot survive without light, thus they must live in the presence of light. Because algae are simple plants and lack the complexity of having a thick and vascular assembly, they are constantly in need of water for structural support and to prevent them from drying out. Most Phylum Chlorophyta algae (green algae) live in fresh water: places such as lakes, ponds and streams. Chlamydomonas, a genus of green algae, are common in ditches, pools, and other bodies of standing fresh water and in soils. Chlamydomonas are more likely to be found in gentle environments to compensate for their simple structure. Moving on, we have the slightly more complex green algae, such as Oedogonium, Ulothrix and Spirogyra, which can adapt to both running and standing fresh water. Rarely some types of green algae are found in marine habitats (salt water, oceans). The Ulva for instance, lives in a somewhat shal...

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ART HISTORY - Essay Example He is also credited with being one of the pioneers of a new form of painting that became popular in Europe in the second half of the twentieth century. Most of his paintings depict his chosen medium, which he sought to explore different forms of art in the early 1960’s. The painting of enlarged copies of black-and-white photographs that only encompassed the use of different shades of grey such as the 1964 picture cow and the 1965 picture kitchen chair catapulted him to fame. This is because he started a new form of using photographs as a starting point rather than a model towards an end in itself. He states that he blurs his images to make everything equal. The aim is to depict images as both equally equal and equally unequal without distorting the intended message. This is shown best in the illustration below. His work does not only include painting blurred pictures, but also multi-colored charts, drawings and

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Discussion borad 3.2 - Essay Example FAA: A structured observation was performed three times during the different days of the week and different times of the day to obtain a picture of his disruptive and aggressive behavior. The frequency count of hitting, kicking, biting, pinching, poking, grabbing eyeglasses and jewelry, and screaming was done to establish a baseline. Additionally, Jon’s teacher was interviewed to get her perspective and develop a working relationship in order to develop successful interventions. Setting Event (Ecological) Strategies: During transitions, Jon can be assigned to a peer partner who could model being calm and explain what was going on and what was expected; and the new teacher can be given more training in behavior management. Antecedent Strategies: Jon might benefit from more opportunities to choose which activities he would do first (e.g., allowed to continue working on puzzle if asks appropriately); Easy and preferred tasks may be combined with difficult, less preferred tasks; Activities should be made more appealing (e.g., reduce length, assistance offered). Consequence Strategies: The teacher should listen to and honor Jons new alternative requests (i.e., he was given assistance, or a break, or allowed to choose a different activity if he made the requests appropriately); The teacher will remain emotionally supportive when confronted with problem behaviors. Measures: (a) Number of incidents of aggression, noncompliance, and disruption per week, (b) percent of class activities in which Jon participated, (c) general indicators of quality of educational experience (e.g., type of activities, need for one-to-one assistance). From the information collected during FAA is seems that the function of Brandon’s behavior was actually seeking attention. That’s why when his grandmother moved away, the frequency of negative behaviors at school has increased. It seems that Brandon is lacking some social skills, which is typical among children